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The National Museum of Afghanistan (Persian: موزیم ملی افغانستان, ''Muzem-e milli-ye Afghanistan''; (パシュトー語:د افغانستان ملی موزیم), ''De Afghanistan Milli Meauziam''), also known as the Afghan National Museum or sometimes the Kabul Museum, is a two-story building located 9 km southwest of the center of Kabul City in Afghanistan. As of 2014, the museum is under major expansion according to international standards, with a larger size adjoining garden for visitors to relax and walk around.〔〔 The museums collection had earlier been one of the most important in Central Asia, with over 100,000 items dating back several millennia. With the start of the civil war in 1992, the museum was looted numerous times resulting in a loss of 70% of the 100,000 objects on display.〔 Since 2007, a number of international organizations have helped to recover over 8,000 artifacts, the most recent being a limestone sculpture from Germany.〔(31 January 2012) (Germany returns Afghan sculpture ) bbc.co.uk/news/〕 Approximately 843 artifacts were returned by the United Kingdom in 2012, including the famous 1st Century Bagram Ivories.〔(19 July 2012) (Looted art returned to Afghanistan ), bbc.co.uk〕 ==History== The Afghan National Museum was built in 1919 during the reign of King Amanullah Khan.〔''Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul'' (2008), p. 35. Eds., Friedrik Hiebert and Pierre Cambon. National Geographic, Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-1-4262-0374-9.〕 The collection inside the museum was transferred from another location in the city and began as a 'Cabinet of Curiosities' in 1922.〔Meharry, Joanie Eva ''The National Museum of Afghanistan: In Times of War'', The Levantine Review, http://www.levantinecenter.org/arts/cultures/central-asia/afghan/national-museum-afghanistan-times-war〕 In 1973, a Danish architect was hired to design a new building for the museum, but the plans were never carried out due to political instability. The museum's collection had been one of the most important in Central Asia,〔 with over 100,000 items dating back several millennia. After the collapse of President Najibullah's government and during the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the museum was looted numerous times resulting in a loss of 70% of the 100,000 objects on display. In 1989, the Bactrian Gold had been moved to an underground vault at the Central Bank of Afghanistan.〔 In March 1994, the museum, which had been used as a military base, was struck by rocket fire and largely destroyed. The Ministry of Information and Culture of President Rabbani's government ordered that the 71 museum staff begin moving the inventory to Kabul Hotel (now Serena Hotel) in order to rescue them from further rocketing and shelling.〔 In September 1996, staff at the museum completed the cataloging of the remaining materials.〔 Between 2003 and 2006, about $350,000 was spent to refurbish the building. Fortunately, many of the most precious objects had been sealed in metal boxes and removed for safety and were recovered and inventoried in 2004.〔''Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul'' (2008), pp. 37-53. Eds., Friedrik Hiebert and Pierre Cambon. National Geographic, Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-1-4262-0374-9.〕 Some archeological objects were found in vaults in Kabul,〔(Priceless Afghan Treasures Recovered | NPR )〕 while a collection was also discovered in Switzerland. Since 2007, UNESCO and Interpol have helped to recover over 8,000 artefacts, the most recent being a limestone sculpture from Germany〔 and 843 artefacts returned by the British Museum in July 2012, including the famous 1st Century Begram Ivories.〔 In 2012, an architecture firm from Spain won a competition for the new design of the Afghan National Museum.〔http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/winners_of_the_national_museum_of_afghanistan_competition〕 Work began in 2013 to expand the museum according to international standards, with a large adjoining garden for visitors to relax and walk around. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Museum of Afghanistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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